Dense Embeddings
How dense embeddings turn meaning into geometry: word2vec, GloVe, and contextual models, vector arithmetic, cosine similarity, and where the field is heading.
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Machine Learning Concepts
Clear explanations grouped by domain. Start with a category.
190 concepts
7 categories
26 topics
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LLM
26 concepts
Transformers & LLMs
Attention mechanisms, large language models, and multimodal architectures: the building blocks of modern AI.
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DL
34 concepts
Deep Learning
Neural network fundamentals: normalization, convolutions, losses, graph networks, and training dynamics.
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CV
8 concepts
Computer Vision
Object detection, feature pyramids, and visual recognition techniques.
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IR
19 concepts
Embeddings & Retrieval
Dense and sparse embeddings, quantization, and vector search for semantic retrieval.
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GPU
26 concepts
GPU & High-Performance Computing
CUDA, tensor cores, multi-GPU communication, and cluster-scale workload orchestration.
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SYS
46 concepts
Systems & Architecture
CPU pipelines, memory hierarchies, the Linux kernel, filesystems, and networking.
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INT
31 concepts
Language & Framework Internals
How CPython, C++, and PyTorch work under the hood: bytecode, memory, linking, and concurrency.
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Recent Concepts
View all →Calinski-Harabasz Index: The Variance Ratio Criterion
How the Calinski-Harabasz index evaluates clustering quality by measuring the ratio of between-cluster to within-cluster variance — fast, intuitive, and ideal for k-selection with convex clusters.
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Slurm Fundamentals: Job Scheduling on HPC Clusters
Complete guide to Slurm — architecture, core commands, job lifecycle, job scripts, array jobs, dependencies, monitoring with squeue/sacct, and troubleshooting failed jobs on HPC clusters.
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Python Bytecode Compilation
Explore CPython bytecode compilation from source to .pyc files. Learn the dis module, PVM stack operations, and Python 3.11+ adaptive specialization.
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PyTorch DataLoader Pipeline
PyTorch DataLoader deep dive — Dataset, Sampler, Workers, Collate internals, num_workers throughput profiling, memory analysis, serialization costs, production patterns (LMDB, WebDataset), and bottleneck diagnosis.
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C++ Stack vs Heap Memory: A Complete Guide
Deep dive into C++ memory allocation — stack frame internals, heap allocator mechanics, fragmentation, performance benchmarks, custom allocators, RAII, and debugging with AddressSanitizer and Valgrind.
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Showing 1-6 of 190 articles