CLS Token in Vision Transformers
Learn how the CLS token acts as a global information aggregator in Vision Transformers, enabling whole-image classification through attention mechanisms.
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LLM
Transformers & LLMs
Attention mechanisms, large language models, and multimodal architectures: the building blocks of modern AI.
26 concepts
All Transformers & LLMs Concepts
Hierarchical Attention in Vision Transformers
Explore how hierarchical attention enables Vision Transformers (ViT) to process sequential data by encoding relative positions.
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Multi-Head Attention in Vision Transformers
Explore how multi-head attention enables Vision Transformers (ViT) to process sequential data by encoding relative positions.
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Positional Embeddings in Vision Transformers
Explore how positional embeddings enable Vision Transformers (ViT) to process sequential data by encoding relative positions.
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Interactive Look: Self-Attention in Vision Transformers
Explore how self-attention enables Vision Transformers (ViT) to understand images by capturing global context, with CNN comparison.
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ALiBi: Attention with Linear Biases
Learn ALiBi, the position encoding method that adds linear biases to attention scores for exceptional length extrapolation in transformers.
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Flash Attention vs MHA vs GQA vs MQA: Comparing Attention Mechanisms
How Flash Attention, Multi-Head Attention (MHA), Grouped-Query Attention (GQA), and Multi-Query Attention (MQA) compare — algorithm vs architecture, KV-cache memory, quality trade-offs, and how to choose for production transformer inference.
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Attention Sinks: Stable Streaming LLMs
Learn about attention sinks, where LLMs concentrate attention on initial tokens, and how preserving them enables streaming inference.
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Cross-Attention: Bridging Different Modalities
Understand cross-attention, the mechanism that enables transformers to align and fuse information from different sources, sequences, or modalities.
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Grouped-Query Attention (GQA)
Learn how Grouped-Query Attention (GQA) balances Multi-Head quality with Multi-Query efficiency for faster LLM inference.
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Linear Attention Approximations
Explore linear complexity attention mechanisms including Performer, Linformer, and other efficient transformers that scale to very long sequences.
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Masked and Causal Attention
Learn how masked attention enables autoregressive generation and prevents information leakage in transformers and language models.
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Multi-Query Attention (MQA)
Learn Multi-Query Attention (MQA), the optimization that shares keys and values across attention heads for massive memory savings.
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Rotary Position Embeddings (RoPE)
Learn Rotary Position Embeddings (RoPE), the elegant position encoding using rotation matrices, powering LLaMA, Mistral, and modern LLMs.
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Scaled Dot-Product Attention
Master scaled dot-product attention, the fundamental transformer building block. Learn why scaling is crucial for stable training.
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Sliding Window Attention
Sliding Window Attention for long sequences: local context windows enable O(n) complexity, used in Mistral and Longformer models.
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Sparse Attention Patterns
Explore sparse attention mechanisms that reduce quadratic complexity to linear or sub-quadratic, enabling efficient processing of long sequences.
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The Vision-Language Alignment Problem
How vision-language models align visual and text representations using contrastive learning, cross-modal attention, and CLIP-style training.
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Context Windows: The Memory Limits of LLMs
Interactive visualization of LLM context windows - sliding windows, expanding contexts, and attention patterns that define model memory limits.
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Flash Attention: IO-Aware Exact Attention
Interactive Flash Attention visualization - the IO-aware algorithm achieving memory-efficient exact attention through tiling and kernel fusion.
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KV Cache: The Secret to Fast LLM Inference
Interactive KV cache visualization - how key-value caching in LLM transformers enables fast text generation without quadratic recomputation.
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The Modality Gap in Multimodal AI
The modality gap in CLIP and vision-language models: why image and text embeddings occupy separate regions despite contrastive training.
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Multimodal Scaling Laws
Discover how multimodal vision-language models like CLIP, ALIGN, and LLaVA scale with data, parameters, and compute following Chinchilla-style power laws.
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Tokenization: Converting Text to Numbers
Interactive exploration of tokenization methods in LLMs - BPE, SentencePiece, and WordPiece. Understand how text becomes tokens that models can process.
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Vision-Language Adapters: Efficient Fine-tuning
Master LoRA, bottleneck adapters, and prefix tuning for parameter-efficient fine-tuning of vision-language models like LLaVA with minimal compute and memory.
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Mixture of Experts (MoE)
Understanding sparse mixture of experts models - architecture, routing mechanisms, load balancing, and efficient scaling strategies for large language models
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