CPU pipelines, memory hierarchies, the Linux kernel, filesystems, and networking.
Deep dive into CPU cache lines — interactive cache simulator with configurable associativity and replacement policies, false sharing MESI protocol visualization, access pattern benchmarks, and optimization techniques.
Explore the inner workings of RAM through beautiful animations and interactive visualizations. Understand memory cells, addressing, and the memory hierarchy.
Learn how initramfs enables Linux boot by loading essential drivers before the root filesystem mounts. Explore early userspace initialization.
Linux kernel architecture explained. Learn syscalls, protection rings, user vs kernel space, and what happens when you run a command.
Explore Linux filesystems through interactive visuals. Learn VFS, compare ext4 vs Btrfs vs ZFS, and understand file operations.
Learn how filesystem journaling prevents data loss during crashes. Explore write-ahead logging and recovery in ext4 and XFS.
Understand Linux inodes - the metadata structures behind every file. Learn about hard links, soft links, and inode limits.
Understand Copy-on-Write (CoW) in Btrfs and ZFS. Learn how CoW enables instant snapshots, atomic writes, and data integrity.
Learn FUSE (Filesystem in Userspace) for building custom filesystems. Understand how NTFS-3G, SSHFS, and cloud storage work.
Explore ext4, the default Linux filesystem with journaling, extents, and proven reliability. Learn how ext4 protects your data.
How modern filesystems create instant snapshots. Explore Btrfs/ZFS snapshot mechanics, rollback operations, and backup strategies interactively.
Deep dive into CPU pipeline architecture covering 5-stage RISC pipelines, data hazards, control hazards, superscalar execution, and out-of-order processing.
Master Linux mount options like noatime and async for performance tuning and security hardening. Interactive guide to fstab configuration.
Understand how NTFS organizes files through the Master File Table (MFT), including the key distinction between resident and non-resident file storage.
Learn Btrfs with built-in snapshots, RAID, and compression. Explore copy-on-write, subvolumes, and self-healing on Linux.
Understand how modern filesystems use checksums to detect silent data corruption that traditional filesystems miss entirely.
Master ZFS filesystem with pooled storage, RAID-Z, snapshots, and checksums. Learn enterprise-grade data integrity on Linux.
XFS filesystem internals: allocation groups, extent-based allocation, and delayed allocation for high-performance parallel I/O.
Learn FAT32 and exFAT filesystems for cross-platform USB drives and SD cards. Understand file size limits and compatibility.
Learn how memory controllers manage CPU-RAM data flow. Interactive demos of channels, ranks, banks, and command scheduling for optimal bandwidth.
RAID storage visualized: RAID 0, 1, 5, 6, and 10 levels explained. Learn how they work, when to use them, and disk failure recovery.
Master Linux process management through interactive visualizations. Understand process lifecycle, fork/exec operations, zombies, orphans, and CPU scheduling.
Explore Linux memory management through interactive visualizations. Understand virtual memory, page tables, TLB, swapping, and memory allocation.
Linux system calls visualized: how user programs communicate with the kernel, protection rings, context switching, and syscall performance.
Master the Linux networking stack through interactive visualizations. Understand TCP/IP layers, sockets, iptables, routing, and network namespaces.
Visualize the complete Linux boot sequence from BIOS/UEFI to login. Learn how GRUB, kernel, and systemd work together with interactive visualizations.
Compare Linux init systems through interactive visualizations. Understand the evolution from SysV Init to systemd, service management, and boot orchestration.
Master Linux kernel modules through interactive visualizations. Learn how to load, unload, develop, and debug kernel modules that extend Linux functionality.
Master Linux namespaces — the kernel mechanism that makes containers possible. Learn how mount, PID, network, and user namespaces create isolated environments, with interactive demos.
Compare Wayland vs X11 display servers on Linux. Learn about architecture, performance, security, and modern graphics stack.
Master cgroups to limit CPU, memory, and I/O for process groups. Understand cgroups v1 vs v2, the hierarchical structure, and how containers use them.
Discover how containers work by combining namespaces, cgroups, and OverlayFS. Build a mental model of Docker internals through interactive visualizations.
Understand how containerized processes access GPU hardware through device files, bind mounts, and the NVIDIA container runtime. Learn the kernel driver vs user-space library distinction.
Learn nvidia-modeset for display configuration on Linux. Understand kernel mode-setting, DRM integration, and GPU drivers.
Explore the TCP/IP protocol stack, packet encapsulation, and how data travels through network layers from application to physical transmission.
Explore CPU pipeline stages, instruction-level parallelism, pipeline hazards, and branch prediction through interactive visualizations.
Master pipeline hazards through interactive visualizations of data dependencies, control hazards, structural conflicts, and advanced detection mechanisms.
Master virtual memory and TLB address translation with interactive demos. Learn page tables, page faults, and memory management optimization.
Master sequential vs strided memory access patterns. Learn how cache efficiency and hardware prefetching affect application performance.
Discover how memory interleaving distributes addresses across banks for parallel access. Boost memory bandwidth in DDR5 and GPU systems.
Explore NUMA architecture and memory locality in multi-socket systems. Understand local vs remote memory access latency and optimization strategies.
Learn how Transparent Huge Pages (THP) reduces TLB misses by promoting 4KB to 2MB pages. Understand performance benefits and memory bloat tradeoffs.
Master Structure of Arrays (SoA) vs Array of Structures (AoS) data layouts for optimal cache efficiency, SIMD vectorization, and GPU memory coalescing.
Learn HTTP long polling - a server-side technique that holds connections open until data arrives. Achieve near real-time updates with standard protocols.
Learn short polling in networking - a simple HTTP pattern for periodic data fetching. See why 70-90% of requests waste bandwidth and when to use alternatives.
Master WebSocket protocol for real-time bidirectional communication over TCP. Learn handshakes, frames, and building low-latency web applications.
Learn client-server communication patterns including short polling, long polling, and WebSockets. Compare HTTP protocols for real-time web applications.
CPU performance optimization: memory hierarchy, cache blocking, SIMD vectorization, and profiling tools for modern processors.